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Feed Rate

Feed rate is one of the key cutting parameters in machining. It refers to the speed at which the cutting tool advances into the workpiece during machining operations such as turning, milling, or drilling.

⚙️ Definition

Feed rate is the distance the tool moves per revolution or per minute while cutting.
It determines how much material is removed per unit of time.

  • In turning and boring: feed rate is usually expressed as mm/rev (millimeters per revolution).

  • In milling: it’s often given in mm/min (millimeters per minute).

  • In drilling: also mm/rev (distance advanced per spindle revolution).

📏 Example

If the feed rate is 0.1 mm/rev, it means the tool moves forward 0.1 mm for every rotation of the spindle.

🎯 Why Feed Rate Matters

  • Too high: increases tool wear, heat, and surface roughness.

  • Too low: reduces productivity and may cause rubbing instead of cutting.

  • Optimized feed rate: ensures smooth cutting, better surface quality, and longer tool life.

🧮 Formula (for Milling)

F=fz×N×Z 

Where:

  • F  = Feed rate (mm/min)

  • fz = Feed per tooth (mm/tooth)

  • N  = Spindle speed (rev/min)

  • Z  = Number of cutting edges

💡 In simple terms:

Feed rate controls how fast the tool moves, affecting surface finish, accuracy, and efficiency of the machining process.

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